Epidermal cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts or sebaceous cysts, are non-cancerous growths that develop beneath the skin’s surface. While typically harmless, these cysts can be bothersome and may require treatment if they become inflamed, infected, or cosmetically concerning.

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments for epidermal cysts is essential for managing this condition effectively. Read on to learn more.

Understanding Epidermal Cysts

Epidermal cysts are small sacs underneath the surface of the skin that arise from the upper portion of the hair follicle. These cysts are filled with keratin (a protein that is forms the outer layer of the skin) and lipid-rich debris. Some cysts have a visible pore that looks like a comedo (“black-head”), from which a cheesy, white, malodorous material can be expressed. Epidermal cysts can be found on any part of the body.

Causes of Epidermal Cysts

The exact cause of epidermal cysts is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to their formation:

1. Blocked Hair Follicles: Epidermal cysts may develop from hair follicles that become blocked, preventing the natural shedding of skin cells and keratin.

2. Trauma or Injury: Trauma or injury to the skin, such as a cut or puncture wound, may cause implantation of epidermal cells (skin cells) into the deeper layers of the skin, resulting in cyst formation.

3. Congenital Factors: Some individuals may be predisposed to developing epidermal cysts due to genetic factors or inherited conditions.

4. Sun damage: Excessive sun exposure can result in degradation of the skin and formation of multiple small cysts on the face.

Symptoms of Epidermal Cysts

Epidermal cysts typically appear as smooth, round or oval-shaped lumps underneath the surface of the skin. Cysts are usually asymptomatic, but can cause discomfort if the cyst ruptures or becomes infected. Common symptoms of epidermal cysts include:

• Visible or Palpable Lump: A small, firm bump beneath the skin, which may cause stretching of the overlying skin and be cosmetically unpleasant.
• Pain and swelling: Epidermal cysts are usually painless, but can become inflamed, red, swollen and painful if the cyst ruptures or becomes infected. The cyst can stay inflamed for weeks and even months.
• Drainage or Leakage: In some cases, an epidermal cyst may discharge a thick, foul-smelling substance, especially if it becomes infected or ruptures.

Treatment Options for Epidermal Cysts

Treatment for epidermal cysts depends on the size, location, and symptoms of the cyst. Here are some common treatment options for epidermal cysts:

• Conservative management: Small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment and can be monitored over time to ensure they do not grow or become symptomatic.
• Incision and Drainage: If an epidermal cyst becomes inflamed or infected, a healthcare professional may perform a minor surgical procedure to drain the cyst and relieve pressure.
• Surgical Excision: In cases where the cyst is cosmetically concerning, inflamed or infected, or occurs on areas where it will be prone to pressure and hence rupture (eg. the back), surgical removal (excision) of the cyst is recommended. During excision, the cyst and its surrounding sac are carefully removed to prevent recurrence.

It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations if you suspect you have an epidermal cyst. Attempting to pop or squeeze the cyst at home can lead to complications such as infection, scarring, or recurrence.

Conclusion

Epidermal cysts are common benign growths that develop beneath the skin’s surface, often as a result of blocked hair follicles or trauma to the skin. While usually harmless, epidermal cysts can cause discomfort if they become inflamed, infected, or cosmetically bothersome. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for epidermal cysts is essential for effectively managing these skin conditions and preventing complications.

If you suspect you have an epidermal cyst or have concerns about any skin growth, consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment recommendations. By seeking out epidermal cyst removal in Singapore with TSN Dermatology Skin Specialist Clinic, epidermal cysts can be effectively managed, allowing for improved skin health and overall well-being.